Measuring arterial occlusion pressure for training with blood flow restriction: a scoping review and recommendations for measurement

Purpose. It is recommended that the pressure applied in training with blood flow restriction (BFR) be relativized based on the arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). However, several factors can affect the measurement of AOP that may require consideration. The purpose of this review was to explore variables capable of impacting AOP and provide recommendations for measurement.

Methods. On August 8, 2023, PubMed® and Scopus databases were consulted to identify studies that analyzed variables capable of affecting AOP. In addition, the list of references of eligible studies, as well as Google Scholar citations, were consulted to identify additional studies.

Results. Twenty-three studies (n = 1335 participants) were included in this review. Studies analyzed the effects of cuff characteristics (n = 9), cuff bladder position (n = 1), body position (n = 6), inflation protocol (n = 1), time (n = 1), sex (n = 5), and segment (n = 5) on AOP. Results demonstrated that wider cuffs promote arterial occlusion with lower external pressures. In addition to width, cuff placement also affects AOP; when the bladder is positioned above the artery, less external pressure is needed to promote arterial occlusion. Body position significantly affects AOP, with more pronounced effects in the lower limbs. The time of day AOP is measured, but not the inflation protocol, has a significant effect on AOP. For the effect of sex and segment, results were divergent.

Conclusion. In conclusion, several factors may influence AOP. For standardizing the prescribed pressure in training with BFR, all these variables should be considered.